beeditsghewsky called apostoloff



(No Model.) 15 SheetsSheet 1.

S.BER'DITSGHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOL'OFF.

SYSTEM OF TELBPHONIG EXCHANGE.

No. 562,064. Patented June 16, 1896.

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(No Model.) 15 SheetsSheet 2. S. BERDITSGHEWSKY QALLED APOSTOLOFF. SYSTEM OF TELEPHONIU EXCHANGE m. w Y

Patented June 16 (No Model.) r 15 Sheets-Sheet 8.

s. BERDITSOHEW SKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF.

SY STEM 0F TELEPHONIG EXCHANGE;

No. 562,064. Patented June 16, 1896.

(No Model.)

15 Sheets-Sheet 5.

S. BERDITSOHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF.

SYSTEM 0? TELEPHONIG EXCHANGE.

Patented June 16, 1896.

(No Model.) 15 Sheets--S1reet 6.

S. BER'DITSOHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF. SYSTEM OF TELEPHONIG EXCHANGE.

No; 562,064. Patented June 16, 1896.,

W 3mm W W FF ha :7- I @112. 4 7 fi 1 z 771 i (No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 7.-

S. BERDITSGHEWS-KY CALLED APOSTOLOFF,

SYSTEM OF. TELEPHONIG EXOHANGE.

No. 562,064. Patented June 16, 189

(No Model;) 15 Sheets-Sheet 8.

S. BERDITSOHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF. SYSTEM OF TELEPHONLIG EXCHANGE;

No. 562,064. Patented June 16, 1896. Q

'CCALQLOL WAA'JAADLFF I QMLJM (No Model.)

15 Sheets-Sheet 9.

S. BERDITSGHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOFP. SYSTEM OF TELBPHONIG EXCHANGE.

Patented June 16, 1896;

(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 10.

's. BERDITSCHEW' SKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF. SYSTEM OF TELEPHONIG EXCHANGE.

No. 562,064. Patented June 16, 1896.

(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 11;

S. BERDITSGHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOPF. SYSTEM OF TELEPHONIG EXCHANGE.

No. 562,064. Patented 11111616; 1896i Wm W M (An/LUZ) MAM/(A1];

(Gan QM 35m 37w (N0 Model 15 Sheets Sheet 12.

S. BERDITSGHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF.

SYSTEM OF TELEPHONIO EXCHANGE.

AKA/M410 Wylie/(0%.

(No Model) S. BERDITSGHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOPP. SYSTEM OF TBLEPHONIO EXCHANGE.

15 Sheets-Si1ect 13.

PatenjzedJune 16, 1896.

m/PLM Mom Lu? 15 Sheets-Sheet 14.

(No Model.)

S. BERDITSOHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOFP.

sYsTBM 0F TELEPHONIG EXCHANGE.

Patented June 16, 1896.

m 0 M I s a: [away/1 7 (No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 15. S BERDITSGHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOF F,

SYSTEM OF TELEPHONIG EXCHANGE.

No, 562,064. Patented June 16, 1896.

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SALOMON BERDITSCHEWSKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF, OF LONDON, ENGLAND. ASSIGNOR TO THE APOSTOLOFF AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE PARENT SYN DICATE, LIMITED, OF SAME PLACE.

sire-rem or Teresa-ionic EXCHANGE.

SPECIFIUATIQNforming part of Letters Patent No. 562,064, dated June 18, 1896..

Application filed March 23, 1896.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SALOMON BERDITSCHEW- SKY CALLED APOSTOLOFF, electrical engineer, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, residing at 39 W'arwick Street, Ecclestcn Square, London England, have invented a new and useful Improved System. of Tclephonic Exchange, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to an improved system of automatic telephone-exchange whereby telephoniccommunication may be established between any two subscribers in connection with the system without the intervention of any attendant at the central station and without increasing the number of wires (connecting the subscribers with the central staiion) beyond the double wire ordinarily used for a metallic circuit. One of the means which has been proposed to accomplish this result comprises as many similar pairs of switchboards at the central station as there are subscribers lines in connection with the exchange, each of the said pairs of switchboards corresponding to a dififcrent subscriber and each switchboard of each pair comprising as many insulated contacts as there are subscribers lines to be connect-ed thereto, so lhat each subscriber was represented (in each of the pairs of switchboards corresponding to the other subscribers) by a contact specially appropriated to him. These contacts were proposed to be arranged upon each of the switchboards at the points of intersection of coordinate lines, the contacts which correspond to the same subscriber in all the switchboards being consequently connected electricall y together by twice as many wires as there are subscribers. Each apparatus also coinpriscd the mechanisms necessary to enable each subscriber to put his telephonic line in telephonic communication with that of any other subscriber through the medium of the lar apparatus, each provided with twice tcn.

Serial No. 68%468. (Remodel) thousand contacts, the grouping together of which, as above mentioned,'would involve the employment of twice one hundred million connections between the contacts-that is to .say, twice the square of the number, of subscribersso that such a system is obviously impracticable by reasonof its more bulk and the number of connections to be made where the number of subscribers in connection with the system approaches in any degree to that of the subscribers to existing telephonic systems in great cities.

The object of my present invention is to enable this great number of contacts and their connections to hem far diminished as to be brought within practicable limits. The extent of the diminution will be readily appreciated when it is understood that instead of employing a number of contacts equal to twice the square of the whole number of subscribers I am enabled to, attain the same end with a number of contacts equal only to three times the square root of the same number of subscribers, since it will be seen that by the present invention each contact represents not 7 5 merely one subscriber, but a whole group of, say, one hundred subscribers, or more. Consequently the number of Wires connecting the terminals of the groups in the several subscribers apparatus at the central station is equal not to the whole number of subscribers, but only to three times the square root of the number of subscribers. This result is attained by a special system of grouping at the central station the positive and negative members of the subscribers circuits, and consequently the apparatus in which theyterminate. Eachgroup comprises a number of elements equal to the square root of the whole number of subscribers, the groups of the same 0 sign for example) being respectively con,- nected, each group with its own contact, in a row of insulated contacts, while the groups of the other sign are respectively connected,each to its own contact, in another row of insulated 5 contacts, so that in each subscribers apparatus at the central station there are two rows of insulated contacts each equal in number to the square root of the number of subscribers, the corresponding contacts of all of the loo corresponding contact,

subscribers circuits. A

of these couples are grouped together in four switch B on any .ments (numbered rows appropriated to the same sign. beingconnected together; but the systenaci grouping the positive elements differs from that of grouping the negative elements in such manner that the coupling together of any. one contact of the positive row with any one contact of the negative row will complete one particular circuit and no other, each possible combination between the contacts of -the two rows therefore corresponding to a diiferent subscribers circuit. This cardinal point of the invention will be by reference to the accompanying drawings,

,wherein Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating such a system of grouping as one example of the many poss ilole combinations of groupings which might be adopted to carry the invention into effect, it being supposed for purposes of explanation that there are sixteen subscribers in connection with the exchange. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, &c., 11016, represent -as many cells C as thereare subscribers circuits entering the central-station."

The signs and f indicate the terminal points or couples corresponding to theseveral The positive elements groups, each group comprising a number equal to the 1 -16that is to say, four-and the said groups being respectively connected to the respective metallic contacts a a a a, while the negative elements are grouped also in groups of four, which groups are respectively connected to the respective contacts I) Z2 b b the positive elements being taken in consecutive order,while the negative elements are taken in such other order of progression that the positive elements of a group correspond, respectively, to different negative groups and conversely.

Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings are explanatory diagrams.

A is a traveling switch movable along the row A and connected through a key with one pole of a battery, while B is another traveling switch movable along the row 13 and connected with the other pole of the battery. Then by placing the switch A on any one; of the positive contacts (a for example) and the one of the negative contacts (b for example) thecircuit will be completed only through the couple corresponding to that combination of contacts, (No. 15 in the example illustrated,) and so on for any othercombination of contacts.

If there were ten thousand subscribers circuits, distinguished by consecutive numbers 1 to 10,000, they would be divided'into groups of one hundred; Then if the ositive eleconsecutively) be grouped together in one hundred groups of one hundred each and each group be-connected to its then the negative elements would be grouped together also in one hundred groups of one hundred each, but in such manner that the negative elements of more readily understood partly broken away,

any one of those groups correspond to as many different groups, of positive elements and conversely. In other words, if the posi tive elements, consecutively numbcred l, 2, 3

4, &e., up to 100, be. grouped together and connected to the first contactof the positive row of contacts, then the negative ,elemen ts, numbered 1, 101, 201, 301, 401, &c., up to 9,901, would be grouped together and connected to the first contact of the negative row of contacts. Similarly, if the positive elements, consecutively numbered from 101 to 200, be grouped together and connected to th'c'second contact of the positive row of contacts, then the negative elements, numbered 2, 102, 202,

302, 402,- &c., up to 9,902, would be grouped together and connected to the second contact of the negative row of contacts, and soon, for all the other groups'of positive and negative elements.

It is to be observed that in the case of I a subscribers serial number which is higher than'lOO thejuxtaposition of the figures denoting the numbers of the positive and negative elements thus conjugated forms a figure which corresponds to the serial number of the subscriber. Thus in the diagram Fig. 2 the conjugation of the contacts b and a closes the circuit through N 0. 1,512, or, in telephonic parlan ce, fifteen twelve.

Reference is novt' to be had to the other figures of the accompanying'drawings, which illustrate an example of the practical embodiment of my Fig. 3 is an invention, wherein'-' external perspective view, of one of the cells at the central station, showing the external wires connecting the corresponding contacts of different cells. Figs. 4, 4*, and 4 represent three stations or subscribers. Figs. 4 4*", and 4 represent three of the central-station cells developed or opened out in the plat to show the mechanism and accessories contained therein (each segment of the cell being partly broken away) an showing the mechanism applied to the corresponding transmitters, these six views, Figs. 4", 4 4, 43 at", and 4 together constituting one general diagram illustratin the positions corresponding to the establishment of communication between Figs. 4" and 4, assuming X to be the subscriber calling and Z the subscriber called, while Fig. i" shows the normal position of the mechanism. Figs. '5, 6., and 7 show detail views of the switch propehnent mechanism. Figs. 8, 9, and 9 show details of the bridge-switch here- -inafterreferred to, the looped arrows which point to reference-letters indicating the connections of the various parts from which the arrows lead, with the parts of the mechanism shown in the other figures. Figs. 10 to 1.? show details of the numerator-operating mechanism and of the current-commutating mechanisms of the transmitter for bringing about the operation of the bridge-switchof the cell. Figs. 18 to 21 show details of the indicator mechanism and ofthe mechanism for sending current impulses from the transmitter to the corresponding cell at the central station for bringing about the operation of the traw eling-switch-propelment mechanisms. Figs. 22 and 23 show details of the contact-roller of one of these switches.

The same reference letters and numerals indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

In the practical embodiment of the principle set forth diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and- 2 each subscriber is represented atthe central station by the couple forming the terminals of his circuit, (the elements of the various couples being grouped as above described,) and also by a set of apparatus comprising the two rows of contacts A 'B, the traveling switches A B, the mechanisms for moving the latter, a third rowof contacts A parallel with and opposite to row A, and other accessories which will be described later on. All these apparatus may be contained in a pigeon-hole or tubular cell 0, made of insulating material, and which may, for convenience of mounting the apparatus therein, be constructed of four segments hinged to a common base so as to open out fiat, as shown in Figs. 4 4-, and 4 the segments fitting together tightly at the joints and the cell be-- ing hermetically closed to protect the mechanism from dust.

The construction and arrangement of the mechanism will, for convenience, be described in the first place with regard to Fig. U, which shows the parts in their initial position, (it being understood that the same description applies also to all the other cells at the central station,) while the description of the working will apply more particularly to Figs. 4 and 4;. y

A is the row of insulated contacts, to which are connected the respective groups of positive elements, and B is the row of insulated contacts, to which are connected the respective groups of negative elements of the sev-' eral couples formed by the severalsubscribers circuits.

A is the traveling switch movable along the row A, B the traveling switch movable along the row 13, and A the third row of contacts grouped similarly to row A. Each subscribers line is in constant communication with the corresponding cell, as shown.

The means whereby the switches A 13' are caused to move along their respective rows of contacts A 13 are similar, and the description of the mechanism of oneawill be suflicient for both; but it is to be undcrstood that the whole of the mechanical devices hereinafter described are given merelyas one exam ple' of the various means which may be employed for producing the requisite movements and that the invention is in no way limited thereto or dependent thereon. This mechanism is shown in detailin Figs. 5, (3, and 7, Fig. .5 being an inside face view of as much of one side of the cell as is necessary to show the mechanism of the switch A; Fig. 6, a side a forked arm carrying two friction-rollers d) is caused to travel along a screw-spindle D, having a fast pitched screw thread. This screw-spindle is placed parallel to the row of contacts A," is journaledto revolve in bearings, and receives step-by-step rotary motion by means of a propelment mechanism consisting of a ratchet-wheel D, fixed on the screw-spindle D and engaged by a click d, carried by a disk D, loose on spindle D, and actuated through a lever e in the one direction by the armature of an electromagnet E and in the other direction by the antagonistic spring, the pitch of the screw D being such that by each advance of the ratchet-wheel to the extent of one tooth produced by each impulse in the electromagnet E the switch A is moved from one metallic contact to the next of the row A.

In order to provide for a quick return motion of the traveling switch to its normal position, the advance motion of the mechanism is caused to wind up a coiled spring Diwhich gives the motive power for the return movement. The spring D is contained in ,a barrel fast with' the ratehet-wheel D, the, one

end of the spring D being connected to the barrel and the other end being attached to a fixed point, so that as the screw-spindle D is turned to the right the spring D is wound up. A detent d engaging with the ratchet-wheel D, retains it after each step in advance, so that when thetraveling switch A h'as been moved to a certain position it there remains until the quick-return mechanism is allowed to come into action. This is elfected by means of an electromagnet E whose armature disengages the click d and detent d from the ratchet-wheel D, which wheel, being free, re.- volves quickly to the left under the force of the wound-up spring D The armature of E thus acts through the agency of a second disk D carrying two studs (1 d respectively adapted to pass under the click d and detent d and so disengage them from the ratchetwheel D when the disk D is pulled to the left by the armature of electromagnet E acting through link 6 The disk D is retained in this position by a lever (1 engaging with a stud (Z on the disk, which lever remains so engaged until the return of the switch-carrier d to its initial position, whereupon the switch-carrier causes the withdrawal of the studs d and allows the clicks (1 d to again on gage with the ratchet-wheel D. This is effected by the switch-carrierd striking against a lever (1 connected by a link (I with the lever J and so disengaging it from the stud d thereby allowing the disk D" to be returned'to its initial 'position by another spring. The mochauisntforopcratin g the switch 15' is similar and is mounted on the second side of the cell, the only-"difference being in the constitution and function of the switches themselves, The switch A is formed by the magnetized solenoid-coil, within which it is free to slide to and fro when influenced by currents of diflerent direction passed through the solenoidcoil' for the purpose of causing the switch tobe transferred from the contact of row A (to which it has been brought by the above-described propclment mechanism) to the corresponding contact of the row of contacts A lixed to the third side of the cell 0, opposite that to which the row of contacts A is fixed.

The switch 13. is, for the sake of clearness, shown in Figs. 4, 4*, and 4. as a simple springtinger bearing upon the row of insulated contacts ll; but the acting'end of the finger is in fact a small metal roller 1), Figs. 22 and 23, capable of -making only a half-revolution about its journal, the roller having an insulating-segment I) in' such relation to a stop I), which limits the rotation, of the roller, that during the advance motion of the switch the roller. will turn until its metal portion slides on the divisions l3, while'during its return motion it will turn back and bear by its insulating scgment on the divisions over which it passes. a

To the fourth side ofthe cell are fixed, first, a polarized relay F, to whose terminals F are connected the two membersfw w of the circuit or line wire of the subscriber to whom the particular cell under consideration corresponds, the function of this relay being to distribute to one or other of the electromagnets E, E, or E the currents from" a local battery 1?, according to the direction of the currents received by the relay from the subscribers transmitter,.and, second, a movable bridge-switch G, actuated by the electromagnetE", and serving for a number of diffien ent purposes hereinafter described.

The'relay F is of ordinary construction, its

armature f being pivoted at f to the one pole of a. permanent magnet and provided with a tongue-switchf which oscillates between the two contacts f f and serves to thus close the circuit of the local battery through the coils of one or other of E, E, or E v The bridge-switch .G, which is shown separately in plan view in Fig. 8 and in section in Fig. 9, comprises, first, a number of divisions or contacts 9 in one with the quadrant-shaped body portion G, but separated from one another by insulating divisions. These divisions are shifted beneath a spring contact-finger g, to an extent equal to the the electromagnets rdistance of one divisiong to'the nest at each current impulsepassin g through the electromagnet E thefinger terminating in a metal rollcr'g' ;(shown in Fig. 9 having an insulating-segment and capable of limited ta; 'tioninthe same way as the roller of the switch ll second, a number of spring contact-bars 2 2" Fi which (bythe movcme'nt imparted.

to the switch by the electromagnet-E) are moved over'a number of fixedcontaetsa 1' i i 2' 2 1 third, a spring contact-barj whichis,similarly movable over flied contactsfififj, the last-mentioned contacts being situated in a different path to that occupied by the contacts -i to i This-switch G may conveniently bemovable, a'hdnt a pivot and actuated from the-armature'cf the clottromagnet E, through a'click"g-"dnd ratchet 'quadrant', or the switch Gmight have a rectilineal motion by a clipkand" ratchet-rack.

In either case the switchG receives a sudden and complete retunrr'mqtion'by the action of a spring which isallowed to come into action when the'electiomagnet E energized by a'current, releases the' click 1 which happens simultaneously with the return motion of the traveling switches A B.. The ratchetquadrantis alsoen'gaged bya dctent g, which' retains it during each retrograde motion of the click the simultaneous releaseol r[- and'g from the ratchet-quadrant being 01'- fected :by a red a attached to the armature of electromagnet E the head of the rod e sliding against a fixed inclined canfisurface c", and-so lifting the click giwhile the rod e which'engages by a stud with the tail of the detent 9'", draws said detent out of engage- IOO ment. Lastly, there are three terminals K L M, which may be designated the terminals of the normal contactsl The terminal L is the call. terminal, the terminal M is the conversation terminal, while the terminal K serves in common for the completion both of'the call and conversation circuits.

The terminal K is in permanent connection with one terminal of the relay F, and consequently with one member of thesubscribers line, the other member of the subscribers line being in permanent connection, through the other terminal of the relay, with the terminal L. The terminal K is permanently con neeted with the normal contact K, on which slides the spring contaet k, carried b the switch B, which latter is consequently always in connection with one member of the subscribers line a The terminal L is connected through an automatic interrupter with the normal contact l, situated at the commencement of the row A, the interrupter being so arranged that the connection between L andZ is severedin either of the following events-namely, when switch B has moved at all from its initial position, or when switch A has moved more than the distance of one tooth of its ratchetwheel D from its initial position.

The terminal M permanently connected with the normal contactm, which is the first division of the row A All-the call terminals L of all'the cells C- at the central station are connected electricere-not connected together, and consequently the first divisions of the rows Aare'not vconnected together. This applies to the first hundred vcells and also to'all others. 7

All the normal contacts 7- of the second nun-tired cells are conn ectd each with the c second division of iherrow A of its cell, as

shown diagrammatically in Fig. 4. All the second divisions of the rowsA of the second hundred cells are-connected together by an external g'rouping-wireBA, whereby thenormai contacts I and terminals L of the second hundred cells are connected in a group, this wire- 2A, however, also connecting together the second divisions of the-rows A of all the other cells.- I Similarly all the normal contacts Z of the third hundred cells arc connected each with the third division of the row A etits cell, as shown diagrammatically in-Fg. l

and all the third divisions of'the'rou's Act the third hundred cens-mmnmmzss-regenerby-an cxtcrnalgroupingwire 3A, whereby thenormal-contacts Z and terminals L of the third hundred cells are connected in agroup, the .n'irc 3A, however, also connecting iogctliert'l 1e ihird'division's of the rows A of all the other cells.

Similarly for' all the other groups of one hundred each, the number of such groups-being preferably limited (for the routed) to ninety-nine g ups of one'hundred each, ior a purpose hereinafter mentioned.

it will be seen by the dr wings-that Fig.4. belongs to the twelfth group, its normal'coniact I being connected with the twelfth divis- "ionof rovrji. These rows of divisions Amay bedesignated' cell divisions. i All the terminals K of-ilie first group of one hundred cellsere connected each with a division of the row B of its cell different to those divisions to which the otherterminals' -K of that but: d red cells are conn'ectedin their cells. The terminal-K of ihe-firsticell of each hundied cells-that is to say,.No. l,No. 101, No.

first division of the men of its'cell,and all the iirs't-divisions'of the rows B of all the first cells arc-consequently connected in'a group,

ihis-xvir B however, connecting together fsio'iis not bnlyof the cells forniup, but the first divisions of the ing he.

cells-of ail the other ronps. a,

, other groups The terminal Kof-the second cell ol ieach hundred cells, (No. 2,"No.' 102, No.. 2 2,'No.

302, &c-., up to No. 9,902) is connected with the second division of the row 13 of its cell,

and allthesecond divisions of the rows B of,

all these cells are-connected together by the wire 23 to forms second group, this wire 2B connecting together the second divisions not only of the cells forming that'group, but also the second divisions of the cells offall the v The terminals K- of the'other ccllsof each hundred cells are similarly grouped and connected with the divisions corresponding to those groups.

It willbe seen by the drawings that Fig. 4-

belongs to the group 1B, Fig. 4 belongs to the group 213, and Fig. .4"- belongsto the" group 153.

The conversation,iteririinals M offall' the ceils are connected each withits normal contact m, and this normal contact is connected to the contact of -the row- A which is opposite to the contact of row A,"to which the normal contact I) of the same cell is connected,

thegroupingofLand'Mbeingidentical. Gonsequentiy the'terminal 'M in Fig. 4*- is connected tothe second division of the row A the terminal M in Fig.- 4* is connected to the third division of thcrow A and-the termi nalM in Fig, 4 isconnectjed tothe twelfth division of row N. The corresponding metallic'divisio n's of all the rows A of all the cell's areconnected together by wires, such as 2A 3A iA 1215?. Each rov'vA of conversation divisions is placed, as above described,

parallel to the callirow A,l-the call and conversation divisions (which are identically grouped)-being, respectively, opposite each other, so that the solenoid-core of the t'ravcling switch A, before described, may at the required mo ment'be tran sferred quickly from any division of the call row A (to which it hasbeen moved by its propelmentmechanversation row A It is, however, to be observed that the terminals M,although grouped iden with the grouping of terminals L, are not normally in connection with either member of any subscribers circuit, this connection being only made when the solenoids of the subscribers entcringinto conversation are transferred to their respective rows A The consequence of the system of grouping above described is that the number of metallic divisions or contacts in each row will be only'equal to the square root of the number of subscribers in connection with the ex change, (assuming that the two rows have equal numbers of divisions,) and this is the cardinal feature of the invention, the importance of which will be readily appreciated.

it will thus be seen that the function of the traveling switches A B, which correspond to the two members of a subscriber-s circuit, is to place the two members of the circuit of that subscriber (when he desires to call another subscriber) 'ilfielectrical communicaism) to the corresponding division of the con- 

